Transport Accessibility and Sustainable Tourism: An Integrative Review of Global, Urban and Indigenous-Remote Contexts
Keywords:
sustainable tourism, transport accessibility, mobilities, public transport, indigenous communities, mobility justice.Abstract
Transport and tourism are an interwoven system that are rarely researched together and often are not sustainable. Four recent studies have been combined to understand the relationship between transport accessibility and tourism development. The first study looked at the global tourism and transport system whilst the second and third studies looked at transport accessibility within a large metropolis (Bangkok) and remote indigenous regions (Siberia). A qualitative document based integrative review has been conducted analysing the conceptual framework, methods and results of each study. Transport systems were found to be a driver and outcome of tourism development. The main transport used within the tourism and transport industry are cars and air transport. This causes approximately 8% of greenhouse gases globally from 2009-2013. In Bangkok there is more of a relationship between attraction density and transport diversity (centrality), rather than walkability. 91.1% of grid cells within the study had no combination of transport available. Within Siberia there is mixed views from the local community about the roads. Whilst they are seen as a lifeline there is also fear of mass tourism. To create sustainable relationships between tourism and transport it is necessary to move away from a tourist orientated and technology orientated approach. Focus should be placed on creating integrated, multi-modal transport systems, mobility justice and community agreement. Limitations and future research areas have been identified. Each source has been coded into 5 categories; scale/context, conceptual framework, methods/data, key findings and sustainability implications.
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