Published 2026-05-08
Keywords
- boshlang‘ich ta’lim, o‘qish ko‘nikmasi, o‘qish savodxonligi, ravon o‘qish, matnni tushunish, dialogik o‘qish, PIRLS, formatif baholash, mustaqil mutolaa, zamonaviy metodika.
Abstract
Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida o‘qish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirishning zamonaviy pedagogik, psixolingvistik va metodik asoslari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Boshlang‘ich ta’lim bosqichida o‘qish ko‘nikmasi nafaqat ona tili va o‘qish savodxonligi fanining markaziy tarkibiy qismi, balki matematika, tabiiy fanlar, tarbiya, texnologiya hamda ijtimoiy hayotga tayyorlovning asosiy poydevori sifatida qaraladi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Ta’lim to‘g‘risida”gi Qonunida boshlang‘ich ta’lim I–IV sinflarni qamrab olishi hamda o‘quvchilarda keyingi umumiy o‘rta ta’limni davom ettirish uchun zarur savodxonlik, bilim, ko‘nikma va malakalar asosini shakllantirishga yo‘naltirilgani belgilangan. Shu nuqtayi nazardan maqolada o‘qish texnikasi, ravonlik, ongli o‘qish, matn mazmunini tushunish, so‘z boyligini kengaytirish, inferensial fikrlash, mustaqil mutolaa, o‘qishga motivatsiya, raqamli resurslardan foydalanish, differensial yondashuv va ota-ona bilan hamkorlik masalalari yagona pedagogik tizim sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotda IMRAD modeli asosida nazariy tahlil, pedagogik kuzatuv, tajriba-sinov elementlari, suhbat, o‘quvchi faoliyati mahsullarini o‘rganish, diagnostik topshiriqlar hamda dars jarayonidagi metodik holatlarni taqqoslash usullaridan foydalanildi. Xalqaro o‘qish savodxonligi tadqiqotlari, xususan PIRLS baholash tizimi IV sinf o‘quvchilarining matnni anglash, ma’lumot topish, izohlash va baholash ko‘nikmalarini o‘lchashi bilan boshlang‘ich sinfdagi o‘qish ta’limi natijalarini baholashda muhim ilmiy mezon vazifasini bajaradi. Maqolada taklif etilgan zamonaviy usullar - dialogik o‘qish, model asosida o‘qish, takroriy ovozli o‘qish, rolli o‘qish, grafik organayzerlar, “o‘qish kundaligi”, savol-javob strategiyalari, juftlikda o‘qish, raqamli audio-matnlar, individual o‘qish xaritasi va formatif baholash - boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida o‘qish jarayonini mexanik talaffuzdan ongli, ijodiy va tanqidiy qabul qilish darajasiga olib chiqishi asoslab beriladi
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