SPORTCHILARGA QISQA MASOFALARGA BURILISHDA YUGURISH TEXNIKASINI O‘RGATISHNING BIOMEKANIK VA METODIK ASOSLARI
Keywords:
burilishda yugurish, qisqa masofa, sprint biomexanikasi, o‘rgatish metodikasi, tashqi diqqat, markazga intilma kuch, tayanch fazasi, murabbiylik cueing, texnik tayyorgarlik, sport pedagogikasi.Abstract
Mazkur maqolada qisqa masofalarga burilishda yugurish texnikasini o‘rgatish muammosi sport pedagogikasi, yugurish biomexanikasi va murabbiylik metodikasi nuqtayi nazaridan qayta ko‘rib chiqildi. Mavzu yuzasidan mavjud adabiyotlarning asosiy kamchiligi shundaki, ko‘plab amaliy tavsiyalar burilishda yugurishni “gavdani ichkariga egish” yoki “qadamni tezlashtirish” kabi soddalashtirilgan ko‘rsatmalar bilan izohlab qo‘yadi, holbuki, burilishda harakat markazga intilma kuchni ta’minlash, ichki va tashqi oyoqning funksional tafovuti, tayanch fazasidagi frontal va sagittal tekisliklar o‘rtasidagi muvozanat, ko‘z qarashi, qo‘l harakatlari, gavda barqarorligi hamda ritmning buzilmasligi bilan belgilanadi. Tadqiqotning мақсади burilishda yugurish texnikasini o‘rgatishning ilmiy asoslangan modelini ishlab chiqish va o‘quv-mashg‘ulot jarayonida qo‘llash uchun aniq metodik tamoyillarni tizimlashtirishdan iborat bo‘ldi. Tadqiqot integrativ sharh, qiyosiy tahlil, sport biomexanikasi bo‘yicha recenzialangan maqolalar, World Athletics texnik hujjatlari hamda jismoniy tarbiya va sport sohasiga doir amaldagi normativ-huquqiy manbalarni tahlil qilish asosida bajarildi. Natijada burilishda yugurish texnikasini o‘rgatishda besh tayanch tamoyil aniqlashtirildi: yugurish trayektoriyasini his etish va yo‘lak intizomi; markazga intilma talabni gavda egilishi bilan emas, butun tayanch zanjiri orqali qoplash; ichki va tashqi oyoq funksiyasining farqini mashqlar tizimida hisobga olish; ichki diqqatdan ko‘ra tashqi diqqatni kuchaytiruvchi verbal ko‘rsatmalarni qo‘llash; videokuzatuv va segmentar tahlil asosida xatolarni individual tuzatish. Maqolada burilishda yugurishni o‘rgatishning bosqichli modeli, tipik xatolar, ularni korreksiya qilish yo‘llari va mashg‘ulotni tashkil etishning murabbiylik mezonlari taklif qilindi. Xulosa sifatida burilishda yugurish texnikasini muvaffaqiyatli o‘rgatish faqat tezlikni oshirishga qaratilgan umumiy sprint mashqlari bilan emas, balki burilishning o‘ziga xos mexanik talablari, neyromuskulyar moslashuv va pedagogik cueing tizimini uyg‘unlashtirish bilan ta’minlanishi asoslab berildi.
Downloads
References
1. World Athletics. Technical Rules. Monaco: World Athletics; 2025/2026 edition.
2. Coh M, Tomazin K. The Sprints. New Studies in Athletics. 2009;24(1):9–38.
3. Mero A, Komi PV, Gregor RJ. Biomechanics of sprint running: a review. Sports Medicine. 1992;13(6):376–392.
4. Chang YH, Kram R. Limitations to maximum running speed on flat curves. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2007;210:971–982.
5. Alt T, Heinrich K, Funken J, Potthast W. Lower extremity kinematics of athletics curve sprinting. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2015;33(6):552–560.
6. Ohnuma H, Miyazaki T, Tanigawa S, Ae M. How to maintain maximal straight path running speed on a curved path in sprint events. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2018;63:23–35.
7. Paz-Paz EO, et al. Evaluating acceleration impact asymmetries during sprinting: analyzing leg and track lane disparities among national athletes. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2024.
8. Churchill SM, Trewartha G, Bezodis IN, Salo AIT. Maximum velocity and leg-specific ground reaction force production change with radius during flat curve sprinting. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2024;227(4):jeb246649.
9. Li D, Zhang L, Jiang Y. Effect of attentional focus on sprint performance: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(10):6254.
10. Porter JM, Anton PM, Wu WFW. Adopting an external focus of attention improves sprinting performance in novice athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2015;29(12):3466–3472.
11. Kovacs AJ, Muehlbauer T, Shea CH. External focus of attention improves reaction times and movement preparation in sprint starts. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2018;32(12):3404–3411.
12. Ille A, Selin I, Do MC, Thon B. Attentional focus effects on sprint start performance as a function of skill level. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2013;31(15):1705–1712.
13. Bezodis NE, Salo AIT, Trewartha G. The biomechanics of the track and field sprint start: a narrative review. Sports Medicine. 2019;49(9):1345–1364.
14. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi. Jismoniy tarbiya va sport to‘g‘risida. O‘RQ-1123-son. 24.03.2026.
